Strength: Melee Weapons - (Also determines weapon efficiency, inventory carry weight, and melee combat damage).
Perception: Energy Weapons, Lockpick, Explosives - (Also determines compass range).
Endurance: Unarmed, Survival - (Also determines hit points, radiation/poison resistances, and number of implants obtainable).
Charisma: Speech, Barter - (Also determines Companion nerve).
Intelligence: Medicine, Science, Repair - (Also determines Skill points per level).
Agility: Guns, Sneak - (Also determines number of action points and action point regeneration and holstering and drawing speed).
Luck: Luck does not determine any particular skill, but it governs all skills slightly. Luck also affects critical hit chances, enemy mishaps, and gambling luck.